Solid State Relay Type and Application

Solid State Relay Information

Solid State Relays Solid State Relays (SSRs) are electrical switches with no moving parts used to isolate electrical circuits or batteries, detect faults on transmission and distribution lines, and control large amounts of electrical power using small control signals.

Unlike electromechanical relays, solid state relays consist of solid components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors. A solid state relay consists of two circuits: a low voltage control circuit and a high voltage load (switch) circuit.

Because they have no mechanical contacts to wear out, solid state relays are ideal for applications that require frequent switching, such as in temperature controllers. Solid state relays are also quieter than electromechanical devices due to their silent operation and do not spark when switching. They do tend to be more expensive than other relay types and often generate heat, sometimes requiring the use of a corresponding heat sink.

Solid State Relay Selection Guide

Relay schematic showing input and load circuits. Image credit: Futurlec

Solid state relay Type and Application

Solid State Relays can be categorized by device type and intended application.

isolation

Solid state relays can be optically isolated or non-isolated. Opto-isolated relays do not have direct electrical contact between the input (control) and output (switching) circuits, while non-isolated devices do have this connection.

Aerospace / MIL-SPEC

Relays can be manufactured for aerospace and defense applications and can also meet many US military standards (MIL-SPEC). Common standards for relays include MIL-PRF-39016, M83536, and M83726.

application

Various types of relays can be used for different purposes including automotive, general purpose and latching applications.

Install

Solid State Relay Selection Guide Solid State Relays can be installed using a number of different methods.

Bracket (or flange) mounted relays are equipped with flanges for mounting. Flanges are usually installed by bolting equipment to a matching flange, which is then welded to the corresponding wall.

DIN rail mounting devices are equipped with fasteners that can be mounted on a DIN rail. DIN rails are mounting devices standardized by Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN)

Panel mount relays are manufactured for mounting to electrical panels.

PCB relays are mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) using through-hole contacts or surface mount technology (SMT). Socket relays are mounted to the PCB using pin sockets.

Solid state relay Specification

The specifications associated with solid state relay switches are very important when selecting a product.

switch on

A solid state relay may switch if one of several conditions are met:

Instant on devices turn on the load as soon as a starting voltage is present and are typically used to control inductive loads.

When the control voltage is present and the startup voltage peaks, the peak switching device will turn on. They are typically used to control heavy inductive loads.

A zero switching relay switches at the point where the AC load current passes through zero as it changes polarity. These relays are used to control resistive loads.

pole and throw

The term "pole" describes the number of independent circuits controlled by switches. The number of circuits controlled by the relay determines the number of switch contacts, which in turn determines the number of poles required to make or break the contacts. Switches typically have one to four poles: single pole (SP), double pole (DP), three pole (3P) and four poles.

It is also important to consider the throw of the relay switch or the number of different positions the switch is capable of.

A single throw (ST) switch opens in one position and closes in the other. For example, a single-pole single-throw (SPST) switch is a simple on-off switch, such as a light switch. A double pole single throw (DPST) switch is a switch that opens and closes two contacts with a single action.

Double throw (DT) switches are bidirectional devices. A double throw relay has three contacts and two positions: in the first position, contacts 1 and 2 make contact, but the third remains open. In the second position, this connection is reversed with contacts 2 and 3.

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